Jenkins. Chapters 3, 4, and 5.

Chapter 3: “Renaissance, Reformation and the Wars of Religion”. 

1. Describe the consequences of the spread of printing. 
2. How did printing challenge the Church orthodoxy?
3. Describe (in basic terms) the new cosmological model proposed by Copernicus.
4. Who was Martin Luther?
5. Mention the three competing powers in Europe at this moment (1500-1600). 
6. Who was Charles V?
7. What was France looking for in Italy, at this time (1480-1515)?
8. Who was François I? Mention the main characteristics of his kingdom (agriculture, manufacture, trade). 
9. Why was the structure of power in France “centralized” (page 48)?
10.  What was the “Concordat” with the Pope?
11.  What are the main contributions of François I to the French culture? (pages 49-51). 
12.  How would you define “Renaissance Humanism”? (page 52-53)
13.  How were the Protestants perceived in France? Why? 
14. What was the nature of the “Wars of Religion”? Explain briefly (page 55-56). 
15.  Explain, very briefly, the massacre of St. Bartholomew.
16. Explain the content of the Edict of Nantes. 

Chapter 4: “The Grand Century of the Sun King.”

1. Who was Louis XIV? Explain briefly his notion of “power”. 
2. What was the situation of France at this moment in terms of economy, population and territory?
3. What was the situation of France at this moment in terms of infrastructures, industry and trade expeditions?
4. Who was Richelieu? What was his notion of “power”? 
5. Why was Louis XIV the object of a quasi-religious cult? (pages 68-70)
6. Something more about Louis’ notion of “power”: how did he understand the concept of “theocracy”?
7. What is “Gallicanism”? 
8. What are the first economic problems appearing during Louis’ regime? (page 72). 
9. Why did he revoke the Edict of Nantes? Talk about the consequences of this decision (page 73). 
10.  What is the “French exception”? 

Chapter 5. “The Enlightenment and the Fall of the Monarchy.”

1. Who was the Duc d’Orleans, and what was his attitude in regards to the nobility?
2. Who was Louis XV?
3. How would you describe the economic situation (industry) of France at this moment?
4. What can be said about infrastructure and education? 
5. How can you describe the political opposition to Louis’ regime?
6. England ruled the seas at that time. What were the consequences for France?
7. Explain -briefly- the Seven Years War. 
8. What is the traditional political regime in England? What is the traditional political regime in France? Explain the differences. 
9. How would you define the Enlightenment? 
10. What is “cultural relativism”? 
11. What is the meaning of this sentence written by Saint-Just: “happiness is a new idea in Europe”? Why does it imply a critique to the power of the Church?
12. What did “the philosophers” think about absolute monarchy?
13. Who was Louis XVI? What was his reaction to the revolutionary movements?