Michel Foucault.
http://sites.psu.edu/vicarocas426s16/wp-content/uploads/sites/37602/2016/01/Discipline-and-Punish.pdf
Discussion.
1. What is the purpose of torture?
2. Is torture coherent with absolutism?
3. Why, according to Foucault, everything changes (from public execution to a “certain discretion in the art of inflicting pain”)?
4. According to the author, between the end of eighteenth and the beginning of nineteenth century, punishment “leaves the domain of more or less everyday perception, and enters that of the abstract consciousness”. Try to explain the reasons for this evolution.
5. What is the role of the hanging machine and the guillotine in all this process?
6. Explain the following idea: “The expiation that once rained down upon the body must be replaced by a punishment that acts in depth on the heart, the thought, the will, the inclinations.” (15)
7. Why does Foucault recommend to “regard punishment as a political tactic” (23)?
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