Photography and After.

Photography takes over the world.

Physicist James Clerk Maxwell is responsible for taking the world’s first color photograph. In 1855, Maxwell developed a three-color method, with the actual shutter being pressed by Thomas Sutton in 1861. The subject of the image? A colored ribbon, also known as a tartan ribbon.

It only seems fitting that the first known photograph of a tornado was taken in Kansas. On April 26, 1884, a tornado moved slowly across Anderson county, which allowed amateur photographer A.A. Adams to set up his box camera. A pioneering image in meteorology.

A Suffolk Dike, circa 1887

Collection - Robert Hershkowitz

When the Day’s Work is Done, 1877

The French Fleet at Cherbourg, August 1858

Beer Bottle Sculpture, World Fair, Paris, 1855

Two Sisters or On the Terrace is an 1881 oil-on-canvas painting by French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir.

Boulevard Montmartre, Effet de nuit est un tableau peint par Camille Pissarro en 1897.

Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies is an 1899 work by the French impressionist, Claude Monet.

La Grenouillère is an 1869 oil on canvas painting by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, now in the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm.

Café Terrace at Night is an 1888 oil painting by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. 

Starry Night Over the Rhône is one of Vincent van Gogh's paintings of Arles at nighttime.

Painting and Photography.

Louis XIV

(possibly by Francois Octavien, 1695-1736). Showing people harvesting in the fields, with a storm in the distance.

Nicolas-Jean-Baptiste Raguenet, A View of Paris from the Pont Neuf.

The world’s first photograph—or at least the oldest surviving photo—was taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826 or 1827. The shot was taken from an upstairs window at Niépce’s estate in Burgundy. As heliography produces one-of-a-kind images, there are no duplicates of the piece.

We may be used to selfies now, but it’s Robert Cornelius’s 1839 image that lays claim to the first self-portrait. Taken in Philadelphia, Cornelius sat for a little over one minute before covering the lens.

This 1848 daguerreotype of Manhattan’s Upper West side is the oldest surviving photo of New York. In 2009, it was sold at Sotheby’s for $62,500. Unfortunately, the first photo of New York, which shows the Unitarian Church, is now lost.

Louis Daguerre—the inventor of daguerreotype—shot what is not only the world’s oldest photograph of Paris, but also the first photo with humans. It was taken in 1839 in Place de la République and it’s just possible to make out two blurry figures in the left-hand corner.

Carol Popp de Szathmari is the first known war photographer, capturing hundreds of images of the Crimean War. But it’s this image from 1870 that is thought to be the first photograph of an actual battle. Showing a line of Prussian troops as they advance, the photographer shot the image as he stood with French defenders.

In the age of drones, aerial photography is often taken for granted, but this 1860 image actually pioneered the technique. Showing Boston from over 2,000 feet in the air, this aerial photograph was taken by James Wallace Black and Samuel Archer King. Unfortunately, the first aerial image, which was taken by French photographer and balloonist Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, has been lost.

John Quincy Adams holds the distinction of being the first U.S. president photographed, though he wasn’t in office at the time. Captured at his home in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1843, fourteen years after he left office, the daguerreotype was shot by Philip Haas. The first photograph of a sitting president was taken in 1841, but has now been lost. It depicted short-lived president William Henry Harrison before he passed away from pneumonia just 31 days after taking office.

The Smooth and the Striated.

PROCESSES OF SMOOTHING AND STRIATION OF SPACE IN URBAN WARFARE

We will read about the difference between the smooth and the striated (spaces) according to the French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. We will study the use of these concepts in relation to the urban wars: the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in Paris; and to the WWI as well. 

Gilles Deleuze (/dəˈluːz/; French: [ʒil dəløz]; 18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1950s until his death in 1995, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. His metaphysical treatise Difference and Repetition (1968) is considered by many scholars to be his magnum opus.^[2] A. W. Moore, citing Bernard Williams's criteria for a great thinker, ranks Deleuze among the "greatest philosophers".^[13]Although he once characterized himself as a "pure metaphysician",^[14] his work has influenced a variety of disciplines across philosophy and art, including literary theory, post-structuralism and postmodernism.^[15]

Pierre-Félix Guattari (/ɡwəˈtɑːri/; French: [ɡwataʁi] (listen) (help·info); April 30, 1930 – August 29, 1992) was a French psychotherapist, philosopher, semiologist, and activist. He founded both schizoanalysis and ecosophy, and is best known for his intellectual collaborations with Gilles Deleuze, most notably Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia.

Please find the reading in the following LINK

Barricade - Paris, 1848. 

Petit Palais

Address: Avenue Winston Churchill, 75008 Paris. 

Hello, everyone. 
Saturday, October  19, the class meets at the Petit Palais, at 3: 30 PM. 

You can find more information regarding le Petit Palais HERE.

Danton - Full movie

Danton:
Action opens in November of 1793, with Danton returning to Paris from his country retreat upon learning that the Committee for Public Safety, under Robespierre's incitement, has begun a series of massive executions, The Terror. Confident in the people's support, Danton clashes with his former ally, but calculating Robespierre soon rounds up Danton and his followers, tries them before a revolutionary tribunal and dispatches them to the guillotine.

You can find the movie following THIS LINK

The Controversy of Valladolid

The first debate about something like "human rights", or "universal human rights" took place in Valladolid, Spain, in 1550-1551.

Charles V convened the Council of Valladolid in Spain to consider whether Spanish colonists had the right to enslave Indians and take their lands.

Sepulveda argued against Las Casas on behalf of the colonists’ property rights. Sepulveda rationalized Spanish treatment of American Indians by arguing that Indians were “natural slaves” and that Spanish presence in the New World would benefit them.

Citing the Bible and canon law, Las Casas responded, “All the World is Human!” He contradicted Sepulveda’s assertions that the Indians were barbarous, that they committed crimes against natural law, that they oppressed and killed innocent people, and that wars should be waged against infidels. 

More information about the Controversy of Valladolid following

THIS LINK

Chapter 8: “The Third Republic: Semaine Sanglante to the First World War”

1. What is the difference established by the author between Paris and the French provinces?
2. Describe, very briefly, the war between France and Prussia. 
3. The proclamation of the New German Empire takes place in Versailles. What were the consequences of this ceremony?
4. Why did Bismarck insist on elections in France?
5. What was the nature of the new Assembly established in Versailles?
6. What is the Commune? 
7. What happened during the Semaine Sanglante?
8. Why does the author refer to la Commune as “an embarrassing family secret” for France?
9. What was Marx’s opinion about la Commune? 
10. Why did the model of the Commune fail?
11. When does the Third Republic, formally, start? 
12. What were the changes in education proposed by Jules Ferry?
13. Who were the impressionists? Can you relate this tendency in painting to the invention of photography?
14. Explain the “Panama scandal” (1892). Why does it pave the way for the “affair Dreyfus”?
15. Explain the “affair Dreyfus.” 
16. Why does the author describe a social division “overlaid by religious or anti-clerical beliefs...polarized by a troubled century of post-revolutionary history”? (page 142).
17.  What is the new concept of “nationalism” emerging during these years? (page 142).
18. When does France become, formally, a secular republic?
19. Why does Germany emerge, once again, as a menacing power?
20. What is the “entente cordiale”?